What are Authorized Shares?
State law specifies that shares of stock in the corporation will be issued under the direction of the board of directors. But, since the corporation is set up to benefit the shareholders, the shareholders set, or limit, the number of shares the directors are "authorized", or allowed, to issue. Since the directors are not allowed to issue shares without authorization from the shareholders, the number of authorized shares is equal to the number of total shares.
What's the Difference Between Issued and Authorized Shares?
The board of directors control the issuance of stock. Authorized shares is the total number of shares of stock that the board of directors are "authorized" to issue to shareholders. The board may issue all the shares now, or issue some now, and some later.
Authorized shares become issued shares when "issued" or distributed to a stockholder. Shares that are not issued are usually called authorized but UN-issued shares. UN-issued shares belong to the corporation and are not considered for shareholders' ownership percentages.